[2], Adult beetles are strong fliers, and in flight mill experiments were, on average, able to fly 16 km over the lifetime of the beetle. The mountain pine beetle has already left a historic legacy in the British Columbian (BC) forest and it is making its way into areas of the United States as well. Family: Cerambycidae 6. カナダのブリティッシュ・コロンビア州（BC）州とアルバータ州は、カナダ西部を南北に縦貫するカナディアン・ロッキーをはさんで位置し、その緯度は日本最北端の宗谷岬より高緯度の北緯49度から北緯60度となっています。, このような高緯度地域にもかかわらず、冬季降水型の気象環境から春夏期には樹木の成長に適した日照時間と豊富な雪解け水に恵まれており、この地域には世界有数の亜寒帯針葉樹林帯が分布しています。また、太平洋岸沿岸部は西岸を北上する暖流の影響を受け、冬季の気候が比較温暖となるため、温帯針葉樹林が生育しています。, BC州の太平洋岸地域にはヘムロック、ダグラスファーといった温帯針葉樹林が生育しており、この地域をコースト地域と呼称します。また、このコースト地域以東の地域をインテリア地域とよび、カナディアンロッキーを越えてアルバータ州にいたる地域はホワイトスプルースやロッジポールパインなどの亜寒帯針葉樹林が広がっています。, カナダの森林の所有形態は概して州有林の比率が高いものとなっていますが、とくに西部2州の所有形態はその傾向が極めて高くなっています。BC州の面積は9,480万haで、うち州有林は8,070万haを占め、州内森林面積の95％をカバーしています。またアルバータ州においては州面積6,610万haのうち3,500万haが州有林で占められ、これは州森林面積の89％に相当しています。, このように州有林の占める比率が極めて高いことは、世界中の森林・木材生産国に先駆けてカナダが保続生産体制を確立し得た最大の背景と言えます。州有林の比率が高いことは森林管理体制を一元化するのに極めて有効で、州政府が森林の保続に対して明確な方針を打ち出せば、生産と保続という経済活動の中で相括抗する事象を両立する事が可能であるという事を実証しました。, BC州の成熟林蓄積量は85億㎥、アルバータ州で20億㎥に及んでいます。しかし、このような膨大な資源蓄積も無秩序に伐採しては長期安定的な木材資源の供給は実現出来ません。カナダにおける森林はいずれの州においても社会・環境・経済の基盤として重要な位置を占めており、カナダでは早くから保続生産計画（Sustained Yield System）と呼ばれる長期継続的な森林経営計画によって森林の管理運営がなされてきました。, 「SPF」とはスプルース（Spruce）、パイン（Pine）、ファー（Fir）の頭文字をとった呼称方法で、それぞれマツ科のトウヒ属、マツ属、モミ属の樹種を総称して表しています。カナダ西部地域におけるSPFの製材生産量は4,056万㎥で同地域の製材生産量の85%を占め、カナダ全体の製材生産量に対比しても49％と約半分を占めています。SPFが住宅建設用の木材として世界中で広く活用されている背景は、このような生産規模とそれを裏打ちする資源状況だけではありません。使いやすく節が小さく、白木系統のため加工性に富み、しかも重量比強度が非常に優れているという、建築用材として極めて重要な特性を有しているからにほかなりません。SPFはその植生が樹種混生の形で生育しており、樹種毎の強度特性も非常に似通った範囲に分布しています。このためカナダでは通常樹種ごとの分離を行わず、SPFという樹種群の製材として生産され、市場でもSPFとして流通しているのが一般的です。カナダの針葉樹製材規格であるNLGAルールがSPFという樹種群をひとつの樹種と同じような分類として扱っているのも、このような市場環境を背景としたものです。, SPFの材面に青いすじのような淡いしみが見られることがあります。これは、SPFが植生する森林において、マウンテン・パイン・ビートル（Mountain Pine Beatle、MPB）という昆虫がロッジポールパイン（SPFのうちの一樹種）の樹皮の下に潜り込み、羽化した後に変色菌が木部に残留してしまうために見られる変色で、カビとは全く異なるものです。ロッジポールパインがMPBによって浸食されたりすることは無く、辺材部に変色が生じるだけです。MPBによって変色した木材を第三者機関で強度試験を実施した結果、構造耐力が損なわれることは無いことも明らかになっています。また、日本農林規格*においてもカナダ製材規格**においてもこの変色は許容されています。, © 2013 Council of Forest Industries Canada, All Rights Reserved. would be an important tool in detection programs in countries outside of North America and at ports-of-departure within North America. The pine beetle ranks with the bol weevil as a legendary scourge of the region, even though the beetle is no larger than a gnat. Instead, the beetles harbor pinewood nematodes (tiny worms) that cause pine wilt. The figeater beetle (Cotinis mutabilis) is a green-colored beetle that is commonly found in yards, compost heaps, and mulch. It was described by Olivier in 1795, originally under the genus Cerambyx. Mature adults emerge and attack fresh host material from late May to early July. Pine sawyer beetles do not directly cause pine wilt. Background: Monochamus alternatus is a large (1.5-3 cm in length) beetle that is orange-brown with gray and black markings on the elytra and black stripes on the pronotum (Benker, 2012). Find the perfect pine beetle forest stock photo. These fuel management treatments are specifically designed to reduce interface fire threats to communities located in the infest… Adults are hard, stout-bodied cylindrical insects, with black-brown or black reddish wing covers. Spruce beetles must overwinter once to maturefully. Mountain pine beetle infestations have been recorded in southwestern Canada for about 85 years. Some immature adults may emerge in the fall to overwinter at the base of the tree. Monochamus galloprovincialis, the pine sawyer beetle, also referred to as the black pine sawyer beetle, is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. 1. It has also been introduced into the Canary Islands. City arborists have cut down about 200 pine trees in the last two years in parks including Spring Bank, Kiwanis, Basil Grover and Labatt – pointing a finger toward the pine sawyer beetle Microscopic (50x magnification) view a female (left) and male (right) pinewood This is what we found. The female beetles lay Figure 4. without the help of their insect vector, the pine sawyer beetle (Monochamus spp.) Monochamus galloprovincialis, the pine sawyer beetle, also referred to as the black pine sawyer beetle,[1] is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. Harvesting the affected stands of trees aids fire management by removing the presumed hazard and breaking the continuity of the fuels. An effective and broadly applicable lure for North American Monochamus spp. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. Healthy pines in … Mountain Pine Beetle in B.C. Heard an odd noise coming from a downed pine tree. Most of the pine species of sawyer beetles are known to vector the pine wood nematode (Evans et al. Kingdom:Animalia 2. It serves as a vector for the parasitic nematode species Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, and also acts as a host to the parasitoid wasp species Dolichomitus tuberculatus. 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